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Summary

Authors Surya Gaire, Rafael Castro, Delgado Pedro, and Arcos González jointly wrote and published an article on the disaster risk profile and existing legal framework of Nepal: floods and landslides.

Nepal, highly vulnerable to disasters due to its geophysical structure, is ranked as the most disaster-prone country globally. Natural calamities have caused significant property and life losses. Floods and landslides are majorly caused by heavy rainfall, outburst floods, infrastructure failure, and deforestation. Water-induced disasters have resulted in numerous fatalities and extensive property damage. There is an increasing trend in landslides and floods, with a positive correlation between these disasters and deaths. Nepal's Index for Risk Management (INFORM) indicates poor disaster management. Fluctuations exist in recording death data, highlighting the need for a comprehensive legal framework. The government's focus leans more towards response rather than preparedness. The existing disaster management act is weak and outdated. The Nepal Risk Reduction Consortium (NRRC) has been initiated to manage disaster risk in collaboration with partners. To improve vulnerability, an early warning system, integration of disaster management with development, research, community participation, awareness, and rainfall monitoring are essential.