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Summary

The document discusses Nepal's geographical and environmental challenges, including seismic activity and annual monsoon-induced floods and landslides. The aftermath of the significant 2015 earthquake led to political changes and the establishment of a new constitution. Disaster management is overseen by the National Council for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, with coordination from the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority. Various levels of councils and committees operate at the provincial and district levels. Despite institutional progress, Nepal faces economic setbacks, including trade disputes and negative growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Vulnerabilities, stemming from climate change and inadequate infrastructure, expose the population to risks such as extreme heat, air pollution, flooding, and earthquakes.