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Summary

This article paper is regarding forest fire in the Terai. Human-caused forest fires altered Terai forest ecosystems. Among these fires, 58% were intentionally set by grazers, poachers, hunters, and collectors. Negligence (22%) and accidents (20%) also played a significant role. Carelessness and smoking by passers-by, as well as illiteracy and ignorance among others, were the primary causes. Most of these fires were linked to agricultural activities. The occurrence of forest fires and local community awareness were closely connected. Public understanding of ecosystem benefits aimed to reduce fire incidents.