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Summary

This study focuses on the exposure of women and children to high levels of criteria pollutants from cooking. It compared carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from traditional, improved, and LPG stoves and assessed human exposure to CO during cooking. The research involved 21 households in Kaski, Nepal, using stratified random sampling. The results revealed that traditional stoves (TCS) had significantly higher CO emissions and exposure levels (5-6 times higher) compared to improved stoves (ICS) and LPG stoves (LPGS), with the exposure being 7-20 times higher.