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Summary

This paper combines bio-physical and social approaches to further study and understand the current climate shocks and responses present in Western Nepal. Data was gathered from 3660 households across 122 primary sampling units in the Karnali, Mahakali, and Mohana River basins for this study. Focus group discussions added insights into perceived climatic shocks. Climatology analysis involved nine precipitation and temperature indices relevant to discussed climate shocks. Findings indicate 79% of households experienced climate shocks in five years, with droughts being most frequent, supported by climate data. Perception varies regionally and among basins. Irregular weather prevails in hills, while mountain areas report higher average frequency. Severity and response analysis highlights the urgency for enhanced adaptation strategies.

This study’s results show that a vast majority of respondents lack proper access to knowledge and that successful adaptation strategies must be adapted to specific regions to meet communities’ local needs.